South American monkeys including squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, marmosets, and tamarins.
New World Monkeys (NWM)
NF
National Formulary.
Nitrate
Produced by beneficial bacteria in biological filter; converted from toxic nitrite; contributes to algal growth. Generally not toxic except at high levels. Recommended level = 40 ppm or less.
Nitrite
Produced by beneficial bacteria in biological filter; converted from toxic ammonia; high levels impair respiration and lead to suppressed immune systems. Recommended level = 0 ppm.
NMBA
Neuromuscular blocking agent.
Non USDA-Regulated Species
A term that refers to animals whose care is NOT governed by the Animal Welfare Act. This includes rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred for research, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.
Non-Animal Support Space
Non-animal support space includes:
- Cage wash
- Food, bedding, supply rooms
- Procedure rooms (only used for procedures, not approved for housing animals)
- Cubicle anterooms
- Euthanasia rooms
Non-Human Primate (NHP)
Rhesus macaque, baboon, marmoset.
Non-Pharmaceutical Grade
Chemicals or compounds that do not meet or exceed requirements of USP/NF/BP and may have higher levels of impurities that can introduce unwanted variables or toxic effects. Sterile pharmaceutical grade preparations that are reconstituted, diluted, mixed or have other substances added are also considered non-pharmaceutical grade.
Non-Recovery Surgery
A surgical intervention in which an animal is euthanized before recovery from anesthesia.
Non-Rodent Mammal
Rabbit, ferret, dog, cat, swine, sheep, cow, non-human primate, etc.
Non-Rodent Mammals Conditioned
Animals (e.g., rabbit, ferret, dog, cat, swine, sheep, cow, non-human primate, etc.) with known health history.
Non-Rodent Mammals Non-Conditioned
Animals (e.g., rabbit, ferret, dog, cat, swine, sheep, cow, non-human primate, etc.) with unknown health history.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs, e.g., carprofen, meloxicam, flunixin, ketoprofen.
Noted Observation (NO)
Conditions that do not initially require the generation of an ATR and require husbandry personnel to place a dated, clear acetate over the cage card describing the condition observed.
Notice of Pesticide Treatment
A report provided by Pest Management Services to the area supervisor which includes observations and treatments performed. These reports are stored in the area supervisor's office.
Nude Mouse
Athymic, immune compromised mouse that has no T cells.
Nude/SCID rooms
Room that houses immunodeficient mice.
Nutraquat
A multi-purpose detergent used to disinfect cat rooms. Use with a dark purple foamer tip.
Observation Codes
These are codes which are to be used by lab personnel to note tumor observations in research subjects.
Observers
Observers are individuals who may be in close proximity to animals during a research or learning activity but must not handle the animals or perform any procedures.
OHS
Occupational Health Services. The U-M department responsible for providing Michigan Medicine and Ann Arbor campus faculty and staff with services for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of occupational illnesses and injuries.
OLAW
The Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. OLAW is a division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the regulating body for all activities funded by the federal government, including the NIH and the National Science Foundation (NSF). OLAW's primary standards are the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy), and the Guide for the Care and Use of Animals (Guide).
Old World Monkeys (OWM)
Asian monkeys including rhesus, cynomolgus, and pigtailed monkeys; or African monkeys including baboons, African green monkeys, and patas monkeys.
Opaque Cages
Cages that are not transparent but receptive to changes in light, generally used to minimize animal stress levels.
Opioid
A class of drugs that include natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic opioids.
- Natural opioids (i.e., opiates) include: opium and morphine
- Semisynthetic opioids include: heroine and oxycodone
- Synthetic opioids include: buprenorphine, tramadol and fentanyl
Orf
Contagious ecthyma, also known as orf or contagious pustular dermatitis, can cause crusting scabs anywhere on the body. Lesions are most frequently seen on the lips, nose, eyelids, tongue, ear, udder, and mucous membranes of sheep. In humans, the disease usually causes a firm, painful nodule on the hands or fingers. This localized lesion usually persists for 1-4 weeks.
Contagious ecthyma is transmissible to humans by direct contact with a lesion or with a contaminated fomite (e.g., bedding, equipment, manure, feed).
Outer Buildings
Buildings that are outside of Medical Campus and North Campus Research Complex such as: Pharmacy Building, East Hall, Undergraduate Science Building, Chemistry Building, School of Public Health Building, Kraus Building, Biological Science Building, Biomedical Engineering, and Natural Science Building.
Ovariohysterectomy
Surgical removal of the female reproductive organs.
Oversee
In the context of the Policy on the Authority and Responsibility of the Quality Assurance Program, oversee refers to conducting reviews of approved animal activities on behalf of the IACUC to ensure that governing standards are satisfied.
Overtime
Time spent providing services outside regular veterinary technician working hours (M-F 6 a.m.-5 p.m.), on weekends, and on holidays. Overtime charges will be calculated by business office personnel at a rate of 1.5 times the total time recorded during after hours/weekends/holidays.
Oxidizer
Any oxidizer can be an element of a surgical fire including oxygen, anesthetic gases, nitrous oxide, medical air, and ambient air.
P
Tumors that have not reached protocol specific endpoint. This includes ulcerated tumors in protocols that allow minor ulcerations.
Pair
Recommended breeding strategy using one adult female and one adult male resulting in a single litter. Takes advantage of postpartum estrus. Pair breeding has been proven to produce significantly more pups per female when compared to trio breeding and may be less stressful for both pups and dams than trio breeding.a,b
Pair Housed
Describes primates housed such that two animals share the same cage space with full access to one another.
Palpebrum
Eyelid.
Pan Liner
A leak-proof pad with an absorbent paper or fabric top placed under the cage in the catch pan to collect waste product for easy disposal.
Panel Housed
Describes primates housed such that tactile contact is possible with another primate. This can be achieved via a panel with holes, mesh, grooming bars or other divider to limit access.
PAPR
Powered Air Purifying Respirator.
Parenteral
Administration of substances outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Routes of parenteral administration are listed below.
- Intravenous (IV): Administration of substances into venous circulation.
- Intraperitoneal (IP): Administration of substances into the abdominal cavity.
- Topical (epicutaneous): The application of substances directly to the skin for topical effect.
- Transdermal (percutaneous): The application of substances directly to the skin for systemic effect.
- Subcutaneous (SC): Administration of substances into the subcutaneous space.
- Intradermal (ID): Administration of substances into the dermis.
- Intramuscular (IM): Administration of substances into the muscle
- Intranasal (IN): Administration of substances into the nose.
- Intratracheal (IT): Administration of substances within the trachea.
- Intracranial: Administration of substances into the brain.
- Epidural (ED): Administration of substances into the epidural space.
- Intrathecal (IT): Administration of substances into the subarachnoid space (in the spinal canal but not within the spinal cord).
