Research A to Z

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Post-Operative Record

A record maintained by investigative personnel that includes:

The surgery or procedure and the date it was performed
Notation of (at least) daily monitoring for the duration of the post-operative monitoring period as defined in the ULAM rodent or non-rodent mammal surgical guidelines, or as described in the animal use protocol.
Any drugs given, including the route, dose, and time/frequency.
For animal use protocols that state analgesia will be given "as needed," personnel MUST note that an animal is not painful/no longer needs analgesics BEFORE analgesics are discontinued.
- The presence or absence of pain MUST be noted each day for the duration of the post-operative monitoring period.
The surgical/anesthetic/sedation record and the post-operative record may be combined and kept on a single sheet of paper if preferred.
Specific requirements for post-operative monitoring records can be found in these ULAM documents:
- Guidelines on the Performance of Surgery in Non-Rodent Mammals
- Guidelines on the Performance of Surgery in Rodents

Power Washer

A high-pressure mechanical sprayer used to remove grime, dust, mud, and dirt from surfaces and objects.

Pre-emptive Analgesia

For the purpose of the Policy On Analgesia in Animals Undergoing Surgery, pre-emptive analgesia is analgesia administered before or immediately after an animal is anesthetized, but prior to initiation of a painful stimulus, such as skin incision.

Principal Investigator (PI)

The researcher who has received protocol approval to conduct the study.

Procedure

Any manipulation of an animal that does not involve an incision made requiring closure.
Procedures can be performed for an experimental application, for examination purposes, or for treatment of an induced or spontaneous disease or condition.
Examples of procedures include:
- Injections
- Bandaging/casting
- Imaging
- Antibody production
- Blood/fluid collection
- -Oscopies into natural opening that do not involve biopsy
- Non-invasive physiological monitoring
- Small tissue biopsy without cavity exposure
- Bone marrow aspirate

Process Monitors

Steam indicator tape, ethylene oxide indicator tape, sterilization indicator strip, biological indicator, peel pouch indicator.

Procurement Approved Vendors

Animal vendors that are in the University of Michigan vendor database. This list can be obtained from the Business Office or the Rodent Health Surveillance Team. Animals from these vendors may or may not need to be quarantined upon arrival, depending on the status granted to them by the faculty veterinarians. All approved vendors except those for exclusively mice in genus Mus and rats in genus Rattus should be USDA licensed.

Purpose-Bred Cat (Class A Dealers)

A cat bred by USDA-licensed dealers specifically for research. Such animals have a clearly defined health, pedigree, and vaccination status. They are free from disease and from any antibodies related to feline infectious diseases.

Purpose-Bred Dog (Class A Dealers)

A dog bred by USDA-licensed dealers or research colonies specifically for research. These animals are raised in a laboratory setting away from general contact with other dogs harboring infectious diseases. These animals are clinically normal, have received vaccinations, and have received anthelmintics for parasite control.
Purpose-bred dogs may be used in experiments in which recovery from anesthesia is planned, such as recovery from surgical procedures, and for long-term experiments not involving anesthesia or surgery.

Q Fever

Most herds and flocks in the USA are infected with Coxiella burnetii, the bacterium that causes Q fever.

While there is a low risk of exposure from healthy cattle, sheep or goats, the highest risk of exposure to Q fever is from placental membranes, birthing fluids, and fetuses from infected sheep, goats, and cattle.
- The bacteria can become airborne, particularly during births and cleaning of birthing areas.
In most individuals, the disease manifests itself as a flu-like illness that resolves in 10-14 days.
Women of child-bearing age or who are pregnant should be aware that this bacterium may cause miscarriage or other problems with the human fetus.
Employees should report occupational exposure to their physician if clinical signs of illness are noted.
Rarely, a person may develop a chronic infection with the Q fever organism. This can cause endocarditis - an infection on the valves of the heart that can be fatal.
Individuals with the following conditions should be advised of the risk of serious illness that may result from Q fever and should be discouraged from working with sheep, cattle, and goats at the time of parturition.
- Congenital heart disease
- Prior valvular heart disease
- Chronically compromised or impaired immune system
- Pregnancy

Quarantine Animal

Animals with disease or unknown health status.

Quarantine In situ (QIS)

Special exemption from campus-wide fur mite treatment; animals remain housed in their fixed locations through campus-wide fur mite treatment and are subjected to specific testing requirements to prevent re-infestation of campus. Details are provided below.

Table 1: Fur Mite Species Differences

Fur Mite Species	Life Cycle	Morphology	Species Infected
Myocoptes musculinus	14 days	3rd and 4th legs heavily chitinized; Eggs occupy ½ of abdomen	Mice
Myobia musculi	21-23 days	Single claw on 2nd digit	Mice and Rat
Radfordia affinis	Similar M. musculi	Two claws on 2nd digit (unequal length)	Mice and Rat
Radfordia ensifera	Similar M. musculi	Two claws on 2nd digit (equal length)	Rat

Table 2: Treatment Summary

Treatment Drug	Dose	Schedule	Cage Labeling
Ivermectin Chow	12ppm ad lib	Continuously for 8 weeks	None
Ivermectin Water	12ppm ad lib 0.28cc / 8oz of water 1.2cc / L of water	Continuously for 8 weeks	Yellow acetate with green label indicating ivermectin water
Moxidectin (topical)	Mouse - 3Dl Rat - 10Dl	Application on days 1 and 10	Yellow acetate with green label for recording 2 treatment dates
MiteArrest	Cotton balls per animal: Mouse - 2 Rat - 5	8 weeks with weekly change	Yellow acetate with green label for recording 8 placement dates

Quarters

Quarter 1 (Q1) = January – March
Quarter 2 (Q2) = April – June
Quarter 3 (Q3) = July – September
Quarter 4 (Q4) = October – December

Rabbit Cage

Suspended caging measuring 15 inches high x 24 inches wide x 24 inches deep.

Rabies

A viral disease transmitted from animals (e.g. dogs, cats, ferrets, skunks, bats, raccoons) to other animals or humans. Rabies infects the central nervous system, ultimately causing disease in the brain and death if early treatment is not provided. It is transmitted into bite wounds, open cuts in skin, or onto mucous membranes from saliva or other infectious material (e.g. neural tissue).

Rack

Shelving unit or any other unit used to house animals and/or supplies. All racks should be identified with stenciled numbers/letters placed in the upper right hand corner of the rack. Side A and Side B will be labeled.

Random Source Cat (Class B Dealers)

Class B Cats are no longer used by the University of Michigan except under specific circumstances. In the event that they are used, a veterinarian will be consulted to determine which specific quarantine, conditioning, and handling procedures will be followed. Note: additional attention may be required for parasite control, vaccinations, and housing when dealing with Class B Cats.

Random Source Dogs (Class B Dealers)

Class B Dogs are no longer used by the University of Michigan except under specific circumstances. In the event that they are used, a veterinarian will be consulted to determine which specific quarantine, conditioning, and handling procedures will be followed. Note: additional attention may be required for parasite control, vaccinations, and housing when dealing with Class B Dogs.

RCA

Research Compliance Associate.

REAL

Refinement & Enrichment Advancements Laboratory; a division of the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine.

Recommended Records

Those records that are not mandated (unless described in the protocol). However, generating and maintaining these records is highly recommended.

Experimentally induced disease/research records
Breeding records

Record of Disposition

A record of the death, euthanasia, transfer, sale, adoption, or donation of an animal.

Records from Vendor

Health information/medical history that arrives with the animal. This is incorporated into the animal's permanent medical record.

Rectal

Administration of substances into the rectum.

Red or Contaminated Rooms

Animals in rooms known to be contaminated with a virus, parasite or bacteria. Red sign indicates the contamination status and is placed on the door.

Reintroduction

Re-pairing two non-human primates who had previously been housed together but were separated for various reasons (study purposes, medical issues, etc.).

Relative Humidity (rH)

A measure for the amount of water vapor in the air.

Replicate Organism Detection and Counting (RODAC)

Agar plate used to detect and quantify the presence of microorganisms.

Report

Reports are verbal or written notices of concern relating to aspects of the U-M Animal Care & Use Program. Reports are not limited to allegations of noncompliance and may be associated with, for example, an adverse event.

REQ

Procedures that begin with (REQ) indicates the procedure is required to be followed by all ULAM personnel and laboratories providing internal daily husbandry care. All other procedures not beginning with (REQ) are still required to be followed by ULAM personnel but may not be adopted by laboratories providing internal daily husbandry care.

Required Records

Those records that must be maintained by investigative personnel:

Health/group health records are required if the laboratory personnel are performing any part of the monitoring and care of a non-research-related clinical condition under the direction of the veterinary staff.
Surgical/anesthetic/sedation records are required for all animals undergoing those procedures.
Post-operative monitoring records are required for all animals undergoing survival surgery.
Tumor monitoring records must be maintained as described in the animal use protocol for all animals with experimentally induced tumors
Food and water restriction records are required for all animals undergoing such restriction as per the animal use protocol and the Guidelines on Experimental Food or Water Restriction or Manipulation in Laboratory Animals.
Records of disposition are required for all cats and dogs.

Research Cause

A condition the lab is expecting or occurs due to their study.

Reservior

Receptacle that is part of the Chlori-Flush station that holds the bleach solution.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

Public law that includes the proper management of hazardous and non-hazardous waste disposal.

Restriction

A limitation placed on an animal's access to food or water. It can be described in terms of either the amount of food or water provided on a daily basis (volume or weight) or the amount of time daily that an animal is given access to food and/or water.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water

A water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water; safe for use with frogs and fish. Salt will be added to this water to ensure appropriate conductivity levels as described above

Rodent Export Coordinator

The member of the ULAM Rodent Health Surveillance Team responsible for coordinating the export of rodents to other institutions or commercial vendors.

Rodent Health Surveillance Team (RHST)

Personnel responsible for maintaining and verifying healthy colony status within ULAM and laboratory managed rodent colonies. Email address: ULAM-RHST@umich.edu

RPV

Rat Parvovirus.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Detailed informational document prepared by the manufacturer of a hazardous chemical describing the physical and chemical properties of the chemical.