Administration of substances outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Routes of parenteral administration are listed below.
- Intravenous (IV): Administration of substances into venous circulation.
- Intraperitoneal (IP): Administration of substances into the abdominal cavity.
- Topical (epicutaneous): The application of substances directly to the skin for topical effect.
- Transdermal (percutaneous): The application of substances directly to the skin for systemic effect.
- Subcutaneous (SC): Administration of substances into the subcutaneous space.
- Intradermal (ID): Administration of substances into the dermis.
- Intramuscular (IM): Administration of substances into the muscle
- Intranasal (IN): Administration of substances into the nose.
- Intratracheal (IT): Administration of substances within the trachea.
- Intracranial: Administration of substances into the brain.
- Epidural (ED): Administration of substances into the epidural space.
- Intrathecal (IT): Administration of substances into the subarachnoid space (in the spinal canal but not within the spinal cord).